Cardiology

Sleep-disordered breathing is independently associated with hypertension, arrhythmias, atherosclerosis, stroke risk, and systemic cardiovascular stress.

  • Sleep Apnea and Cardiovascular Disease.

    Somers VK, White DP, Amin R, et al.

    Landmark scientific statement establishing obstructive sleep apnea as an independent risk factor for hypertension, coronary artery disease, heart failure, stroke, and arrhythmias.

    [Circulation, 2008]

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  • Long-Term Cardiovascular Outcomes in Men with Obstructive Sleep Apnea.

    Marin JM, Carrizo SJ, Vicente E, Agusti AGN.

    Prospective cohort study showing untreated OSA significantly increases fatal and nonfatal cardiovascular events, while treatment reduces risk.

    [The Lancet, 2005]

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  • Prospective Study of the Association Between Sleep-Disordered Breathing and Hypertension.

    Peppard PE, Young T, Palta M, Skatrud J.

    Demonstrates a dose-response relationship between sleep-disordered breathing severity and incident hypertension.

    [New England Journal of Medicine, 2000]

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  • Day-Night Pattern of Sudden Death in Obstructive Sleep Apnea.

    Gami AS, Howard DE, Olson EJ, Somers VK.

    Shows increased nocturnal sudden cardiac death in patients with OSA, linking airway obstruction to lethal arrhythmogenic risk.

    [New England Journal of Medicine, 2005]

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  • Obstructive Sleep Apnea as a Risk Factor for Stroke and Death.

    Yaggi HK, Concato J, Kernan WN, et al.

    Establishes OSA as an independent predictor of stroke and all-cause mortality.

    [New England Journal of Medicine, 2005]

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  • Snoring and Risk of Cardiovascular Disease in Women.

    Hu FB, Willett WC, Manson JE, et al.

    Large epidemiologic study showing habitual snoring is associated with increased cardiovascular risk, even after adjusting for traditional risk factors.

    [Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 2000]

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  • Heavy Snoring as a Cause of Carotid Artery Atherosclerosis.

    Lee SA, Amis TC, Byth K, et al.

    Demonstrates that vibratory energy from snoring is associated with localized carotid atherosclerotic plaque formation, independent of apnea severity.

    [Sleep, 2008]

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  • Sleep Apnea and Cardiovascular Disease: Lessons from Recent Trials.

    Drager LF, McEvoy RD, Barbe F, Lorenzi-Filho G, Redline S.

    Reviews mechanistic pathways linking airway obstruction to endothelial dysfunction, inflammation, sympathetic activation, and atherosclerosis.

    [The Lancet Respiratory Medicine, 2017]

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  • The Bruxism Triad.

    Lavigne GJ, et al.

    Describes the association between sleep bruxism, sleep arousals, and autonomic nervous system activation, linking bruxism to cardiovascular stress and sleep-disordered breathing physiology.

    [Journal of Dental Research, 2007]

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https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18981344/
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15781100/
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10922424/
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15901879/
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15901877/
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10898416/
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18350964/
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28279408/
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17384027/